isiZulu
Ukubukwa: 0 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Sokushicilelwa: 2016-04-20: Isizango
Imishini ye-Computer Control Control (CNC) ithuthukiswe ngokomlando futhi ngokuyinhloko yathuthukiswa ukufezekisa ukuma okunembile nokunembile kwamathuluzi kanye nocezu lwengcezu maqondana nomunye. Lolu hlelo lokubeka konke lususelwa ekuxhumaneni komshini wesikhala somshini noma umvimbo. Ukuze uzuze lezi zixhumanisi zokuma noma ukunyakaza kwethuluzi kanye / noma umshini womshini (noma umshini wokusebenza), umshini we-CNC uhlinzeka ngemiyalo emiqhudelwaneni ehlukahlukene ye-CNC ngamakhodi ahlukahlukene we-CNC kanye nedatha enikezwe ngu-opharetha ohlelweni lwengxenye. Ngakho-ke, ukunemba nokunemba kwale mishini ye-CNC ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwemishini ye-CNC kuncike ekuhambeni okunembile futhi okuqondile kwethuluzi kanye / noma ucezu lomshini (noma ucezu lwethebula (noma ucezu) olukhiqizwa yilezi zindlela zokushayela kanye / nezindlela ezihambisanayo. Lokhu kunyakaza kwethuluzi noma isiqeshana somsebenzi kwenzeka kanye ne-eksisi ethile yomshini we-CNC ngakho-ke izindlela ezahlukahlukene zikagesi ezithinta lezi zinto zokunyakaza zibhekiswa. Ngemishini ye-axes, imishini ye-CNC ikakhulukazi isebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili ze-motors viz. Ama-motorper motors kanye I-Servo Motors . Ngayinye yalawa makilasi e-motors anokuhlukahluka okuningana futhi ngamunye anezinzuzo zawo nobunzima. Ama-servodotors akusona isigaba esithile semoto yize i-Sevomotor ye-Sevomotor ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisa emotweni efanele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezivaliwe ezidinga amathuba okulawula. Imoto ye-stepper iyimoto eqhutshwa yi-pulse eshintsha isikhundla se-rotor ngezinyathelo futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ngezindleko eziphansi, amasistimu wokulawula isikhundla evulekile adinga izindlela zokuphendula. Lolu cwaningo lunikeza ukuqonda kobuchwepheshe nokusebenza kwe Ama-Motor Stepper azosiza ekukhetheni kwawo futhi kungenzeka athuthuke ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kwemishini ye-CNC.
I-CNC (Imishini Yezinombolo Yezinombolo)) iguqule imboni yokukhiqiza ngokunika amandla imisebenzi yokuqonda nokuzenzakalelayo. Enhliziyweni yale mishini eyinkimbinkimbi yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-motors adlala indima ebalulekile ekushayeleni ukunyakaza kwezimbazo zomshini nokunika amandla amathuluzi okusika. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zemoto ezisetshenziswa kwimishini ye-CNC kubalulekile kubo bobabili abacwaningi babheke ukukhulisa ulwazi lwabo kanye nalolu hlelo lokusebenza oluzokwazi ukutshala imali ngalo.
I-Spindle Motors ibhebhethekile ukushayela ithuluzi lokusika emshinini we-CNC. Zenzelwe ukujikeleza ithuluzi ngesivinini esikhulu, ukuhlinzeka ngamandla adingekayo wokusika ukuze ususe impahla kusuka endaweni yokusebenza. I-Spindle Motors ingaba ngqo - idrayivu noma ibhande - iqhutshwa, kuya ngezidingo ezithile zomshini.
Ama-spindle motors ayakwazi ukufinyelela isivinini esiphakeme kakhulu sokujikeleza okuphezulu, ngokuvamile kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa kuya kumashumi ezinkulungwane zezinguquko ngomzuzu (i-RPM). Lokhu kubalulekile ekunciphiseni kahle kwezinto ezahlukahlukene.
Kufanele bahlinzeke nge-torque eyanele ngesivinini esikhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusika okubushelelezi nokusebenzayo. Izidingo ze-torque ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo ezisetshenziswayo nenqubo yokusika.
Ama-spindle motors adinga ukusebenza ngokunemba okuphezulu nokuqina ukuze anciphise ukudlidliza futhi aqinisekise amakhono anembile. Lokhu kubalulekile ekufezeni okuphezulu - indawo esezingeni eliphakeme liphelile nokubekezelelana okuqinile.
Ukujikeleza okuphezulu - ukujikeleza okusheshayo kwama-spindle motors kuvumela ukususwa okusheshayo kwezinto, okwandisa umkhiqizo we Umshini we-CNC.
Ama-Spindle Motors angasetshenziswa ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene wokusika, abenze afaneleke imisebenzi ehlukene yemishini, njengokugaya, ukumba, nokujika.
Ngokuhlinzeka ngokujikeleza okuzinzile futhi okuqondile, ama-spindle motors anikela ngokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye eziphakeme zekhwalithi ezinamachashazi amahle kakhulu.
I-Spindle Motors itholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC edinga imisebenzi yokusika, kufaka phakathi izikhungo zemishini, ama-lathe, kanye nama-grinders. Zisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezinjengezimboni ezinjengezimoto, i-aerospace, kanye nokukhiqiza okujwayelekile kokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezinobukhulu obuyinkimbinkimbi nokubekezelelana okuqinile.
I-Servo Motors ingenye yezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zama-motors kwimishini ye-CNC. Zenzelwe ukunikeza ukulawula okuqondile kwesikhundla, isivinini, ne-torque yezimbazo zomshini. Uhlelo lwe-servo motor ngokuvamile luqukethe imoto, idivaysi yokuphendula (efana ne-encoder), ne-servo drive. I-encoder ibheka ngokuqhubekayo isikhundla se-motor motor bese ithumela lolu lwazi emuva kwi-servo drive, lapho bese ilungisa ukuphuma kwemoto ukuze ilondoloze isikhundla noma isivinini esifunekayo.
I-Servo Motors ingafinyelela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu wokubeka ukunemba, imvamisa ebangeni lama-microns. Lokhu kubenza balungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukubekezelelana okuqinile, njenge-aerospace kanye nokukhiqiza amadivayisi wezokwelapha.
Bakwazi ukusheshisa ngokushesha nokuhlamba, okuvumela izinguquko ezisheshayo ekunyakazeni komshini. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kusebenze kakhulu imishini yokusebenza kwemishini futhi kunciphise izikhathi zomjikelezo.
I-Servo Motors inganikeza i-torque engaguquki ngaphezulu kwejubane elibanzi, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okubushelelezi nokuzinzile ngesikhathi sokusika.
Impendulo evela kwi-Encoder inika amandla avalekile - Ukulawulwa kwe-Loop, okulungile kunoma yimaphi amaphutha endaweni noma isivinini. Lokhu kuphumela ekusebenzeni okunembe kakhulu futhi okuphindaphindekayo kwemishini.
I-Servo Motors ingahlelelwa ukulandela amaphrofayili ahambisanayo ayinkimbinkimbi, okwenza balungele imisebenzi ehlukahlukene mabhuku emishini, kufaka phakathi ukuxabana, ukumba kanye nokugaya.
Banikeza amandla aphezulu - ukuze - isilinganiso sesisindo, ukuvumela imiklamo yomshini e-compact and aphumelelayo.
I-Stepper Motors ngolunye uhlobo olubalulekile lwemoto olusetshenziswa emishini ye-CNC, ikakhulukazi ngokungabizi kakhulu futhi oluphansi - Izicelo zokunemba. Imoto ye-stepper ihlukanisa ukujikeleza okugcwele ibe yizinyathelo eziningi ze-discrete, futhi isinyathelo ngasinye sifana nokuhanjiswa okuthile kwe-angular. Le moto ilawulwa ngokuthumela uchungechunge lwezinto ezisebenza ngogesi kuma-motor windings, ngokushaya ngakunye okubangela ukuthi imoto ijikeleze ngesinyathelo esisodwa.
Ukunyakaza okukhuphukayo: Motors Stepper Move ngezinyathelo ezi-discrete, ezibenza zilula ukulawula futhi zibeke kahle imisebenzi elula.
Vula - Ukulawulwa Kwe-Loop: Ezimweni eziningi, ama-motorter stepper angasebenza ngaphandle kwensiza yokuphendula, ethembele kuphela kwinani lama-polses athunyelwe emotweni ukuthola isikhundla sayo. Lokhu kwenza lula uhlelo lokulawula futhi kunciphisa izindleko.
Izindleko eziphansi: I-Stepper Motors ngokuvamile ayibiza kakhulu kunama-servo motors, abenze inketho ekhangayo yabakwaHobbyists kanye nabakhiqizi abancane - abakhiqizi abasezingeni lesabelomali.
Ukulawulwa okulula: Indlela eqondile yokulawula ye-Stepper Motors ibenza batholakale kubasebenzisi ngolwazi olulinganiselwe lobuchwepheshe. Zingahlanganiswa kalula ezinhlelweni ze-CNC eziyisisekelo.
Ukubamba i-torque: Ama-motorper motors angabamba isikhundla sawo ngaphandle kokuqeda amandla angeziwe, awusizo kwizicelo lapho umshini uhlanganisa ukugcina isikhundla esinqunyelwe ngesikhathi se-non - Imishini yemishini.
Ukuzilolonga
Ama-motorper motors asetshenziswa kaningi ekungeneni - Ama-level CNC Routers, amaphrinta we-3D, nemishini emincane - imishini yokugawula ifomethi. Zilungele imisebenzi efana nokuqoshwa, ukugaya okulula kwezinto ezithambile, kanye nokusebenza okuyisisekelo kokusebenza lapho ukucaciswa okuphezulu lapho ukunemba okuphezulu kungeyona imfuneko enkulu.
I-Linear Motors iyindlela entsha yobuchwepheshe be-motor ubuchwepheshe obuya ngokuya busetshenziswa emishini ephezulu ye-CNC. Esikhundleni sokuguqula amandla kagesi ukuba anyakaze ukujikeleza njengama-motors endabuko, ama-motors aqondile akhiqiza ngokuqondile ukunyakaza okuqondile. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sezakhi zokuhambisa ezenziwa ngemishini ezinjengamabhande, ama-pulleys, kanye nezikulufo zebhola, okuholela ohlelweni oluqondile lwe-drive oluqondile nolusebenzayo.
Ama-motors aqondile angafinyelela isivinini esiphakeme kakhulu kanye nokusheshisa, okudlula kude lezo zemoto yendabuko - izinhlelo eziqhutshwa. Lokhu kuvumela ukunyakaza okusheshayo kwezimbazo zomshini futhi kunciphise izikhathi zomjikelezo.
Ngaphandle kwe-baclash ye-mehendi yangaphakathi nokuthobela okuhlotshaniswa nezakhi zokuhambisa zendabuko, ama-motors aqondile anikela ngokunemba okukhethekile nokuphindaphinda.
Njengoba kunezingxenye ezimbalwa ezinyakazayo futhi asikho isidingo sokuthambisa kwezinto zokuhambisa imishini, ama-motors aqondile adinga ukulungiswa okuncane futhi abe nempilo yenkonzo ende.
I-Direct - Imvelo yeDrayivu ye-Variear Motors iqeda ukulahleka kwamandla kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini okuhambisana nezinhlelo zokushayela zendabuko, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu.
I-Linear Motors ihlinzeka ngokubushelelezi nokudlidliza - ukunyakaza kwamahhala, okuzuzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuphakama okuphezulu - indawo esezingeni eliphakeme liphetha futhi libe nemishini eqondile.
Ukungabikho kwezinto zokuhambisa ezenziwa ngemishini kuvumela ukwakheka okuhlangene okuthe xaxa nokungasindi, okungaba nenzuzo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ekuphetheni, ukukhethwa kwemoto emshinini we-CNC kuncike ezicini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukunemba okudingekayo, isivinini, i-torque nezindleko. I-Servo Motors inikeza ukunemba okuphezulu nokuvumelana nezimo, kubenze balungele izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphakeme kakhulu. I-Stepper Motors iyindleko eningi - inketho ephumelelayo yemisebenzi efunwayo. I-Spindle Motors ibalulekile ekushayeleni ithuluzi lokusika, ngenkathi ama-motors aqondile ahlinzeka ngokuphezulu - ijubane nokusebenza okuphezulu - ukusebenza ngokunemba emishini ye-CNC ethuthukile.
Endaweni ye-CNC (amanani e-computer control control), i-spindle motor iyingxenye ebalulekile ethinta ngokuqondile inqubo yemishini. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-spindle motors zisetshenziswa, ngalinye linesethi yalo yezinzuzo nobubi.
IBelt - I-Spinle Motors ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. I-Belt Mechanism iyingxenye elula futhi engabizi, esiza ekunciphiseni izindleko ze-CNC. Lokhu kubenza babe ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwabakhiqizi abancane - abakhiqizi abasezingeni eliphakeme nama-hobbyists kwisabelomali.
Ibhande lisebenza njenge-buffer phakathi kwemoto kanye ne-spindle. Kungadonsa futhi ukunyakaza okudayiwe kwakhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yemishini. Ngenxa yalokhu, ithuluzi kanye nesipiliyoni se-workpiepe okuhlangenwe nakho okuncane, okuholela ekuqedeni okungcono kwendawo ezicijile.
Ngokushintsha usayizi we-pulley emotweni kanye ne-spindle, kungenzeka ukufezekisa ijubane elibanzi le-spindle. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuvumela imisebenzi ehlukene yemishini, njengokuqeda amandla nokuqeda, ukuzokwenziwa emshinini ofanayo nokukhululeka.
Kunenani elithile lokulahleka kwamandla eBelt - uhlelo oluqhutshwa ngenxa yokuxabana phakathi kwebhande namaqhubu. Lokhu kulahleka kwamandla kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwemoto ye-spindle, okungaba ukukhathazeka ku-High - Power Maching application.
Amabhande kudingeka ahlolwe njalo ukugqoka nokungezwani. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabhande angalula noma aguga, okungadinga ukushintshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-pulleys adinga ukunakekelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuqondanisa okufanele nokusebenza okubushelelezi.
I-Belt - Izinhlelo eziqhutshwa zinemikhawulo ngokuya ngenani le-torque ezingadlulisela. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona i-torque ephezulu, enjengesindayo - imishini emishini yezinto ezinzima, eBelt - ama-spindles motors kungenzeka angabi yisinqumo esihle kakhulu.
Njengoba kungekho zinto eziphakathi nendawo ezifana namabhande noma amagiya, ukuqondisa - ama-spivele motors anokuthuthuka kwamandla aphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla kagesi anikezwe imoto aguqulwa abe amandla omshini e-spindle, okuholela ekusebenziseni amandla aphansi.
I-Direct - I-Spinle Motors inikeza ukunemba okuhle nokuqina. Ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwemoto kanye ne-spindle kuqeda izingqinamba ze-backlash kanye nokuhambisana nokuhambisana nebhande - kuqhutshwa noma amagiya - amasistimu aqhutshwa. Lokhu kuholela ekuphindaphindweni okunembile kwemishini kanye nokuphindaphindwa okungcono.
Lawa ma-motors ayakwazi ukufeza isivinini esiphakeme kakhulu se-spindle, ebalulekile ukuze isebenze kakhulu imishini yokusebenza kwemishini. High - ijubane machinange inganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi semishini futhi ithuthukise ukuqedwa komhlaba kwezingxenye.
Izindleko eziphakeme: Direct - Driven Spindle Motors kubiza kakhulu ukukhiqiza nokuthenga. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nobunjiniyela obuqondile obudingekayo ku-Direct - Ama-Drayivu amasistimu anikela ngezindleko eziphakeme. Lokhu kungaba yisithiyo esikhulu kwabanye abakhiqizi abancane - abakhiqizi.
Isizukulwane sokushisa: Ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kwe-motor kuya kwi-spindle kusho ukuthi ukushisa okwenziwe ngemoto kudluliswa ngqo kwi-spindle. Lokhu kungadala ukwanda okushisayo, okungathinta ukunemba kwenqubo yemishini. Izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokupholisa zivame ukudingeka ukuphatha ukushisa, zengeza ebukilini kanye nezindleko zomshini.
I-torque ekhawulelwe ngejubane eliphansi: I-Direct - Ama-Spivele Motors angahle abe nokukhipha okulinganiselwe kwe-torque ngesivinini esiphansi. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona i-torque ephezulu ngejubane eliphansi lokujikeleza, njengokuqala ukusebenza okusindayo - ukusika.
Gear - I-Spinle Motors iyakwazi ukudlulisa amazinga aphezulu e-torque. Lokhu kubenza balungele ukusebenza okusindayo - imisebenzi emishini yokusebenza, njengokugaya izinsiza ezinkulu zokusebenza noma ukusika izinto ezinzima njengensimbi.
Uhlelo lwegiya luhlinzeka ngenzuzo yokusebenza ngomshini, okuvumela imoto ukuthi isebenze ebangeni elisebenza kahle kakhulu ngenkathi kusaletha isivinini esidingekayo se-spindle. Lokhu kungathuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele komshini we-CNC.
Amagiya angakhiqiza inani elikhulu lomsindo nokudlidliza ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu akunakuba yinkinga kuphela kumhlangano wokusebenzela kepha futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yezingxenye zemishini. Izinyathelo ezengeziwe zingadingeka ukunciphisa umsindo namazinga wokudlidliza.
I-Gear - Amasistimu aqhutshwa yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kuneBelt - Amasu aqhutshwayo, futhi adinga ukulungiswa okuthe xaxa nokunemininingwane. Amagiya adinga ukugcotshwa njalo, futhi noma yiziphi izimpawu zokugqoka noma zokulimala zidinga ukubhekelwa ngokushesha ukuze zigweme ukwehluleka kohlelo.
Kuqhathaniswa nokuqondisa - ama-motor aqhutshwa ama-spindle, amagiya - ama-spinle motors ane-speed elilinganiselwe. Ukushintsha isilinganiso segiya ukuze uzuze isivinini esihlukile kungaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi isikhathi sokudla.
