isiZulu
Ukubuka: 0 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2016-04-20 Umsuka: Isayithi
Imishini Yokulawula Izinombolo Yekhompyutha (CNC) iye yathuthukiswa ngokomlando futhi ngokuyinhloko ukuze kuzuzwe ukuma okunembile nokunembe kwethuluzi kanye nomsebenzi ngokuhlobene. Lonke lolu hlelo lokumisa lusekelwe kuzixhumanisi zendawo yokusebenza yomshini noma imvilophu. Ukuze kuzuzwe lezi zixhumanisi zokubeka noma ukunyakaza kwethuluzi kanye / noma ithebula lomshini (noma ucezu lomsebenzi), umshini we-CNC uhlinzeka ngemiyalo kumadrayivu ahlukahlukene kagesi ngamakhodi ahlukahlukene e-CNC kanye nedatha ehlinzekwa ngu-opharetha ngendlela yengxenye yohlelo. Ngakho-ke, ukunemba nokunemba kwale mishini ye-CNC futhi yingakho ukusebenza kwemishini ye-CNC kuncike ngokuyinhloko ekuhambeni okunembile nokunembayo kwethuluzi kanye/noma ithebula lomshini (noma ucezu lomsebenzi) olukhiqizwa yilawa madrayivu kagesi kanye nezinqubo ezihambisanayo. Lokhu kunyakaza kwethuluzi noma ucezu lomsebenzi kwenzeka eduze kwe-eksisi ethile yomshini we-CNC futhi ngaleyo ndlela amadrayivu kagesi ahlukahlukene athinta lokhu kunyakaza abizwa ngokuthi ama-ax drives. Ngokushayela ngezimbazo, imishini ye-CNC ikakhulukazi isebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zamamotho okungukuthi. Stepper Motors kanye I-Servo Motors . Ngayinye yalezi zigaba zamamotho inezinhlobonhlobo eziningana futhi ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Ama-Servomotor awalona isigaba esithile senjini nakuba igama elithi servomotor livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kunjini efanele ukusetshenziswa kumasistimu okulawula amaluphu avaliwe adinga izindlela zokuphendula. I-stepper motor iyinjini eqhutshwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo eshintsha ukuma kwe-angular ye-rotor ngezinyathelo futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ngezindleko eziphansi, izinhlelo ezivulekile zokulawula ukuma kwe-loop ezingadingi izindlela zokuphendula. Lolu cwaningo lunikeza ukuqonda kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza kwe ama-stepper motors azosiza ekukhetheni kwawo futhi mhlawumbe athuthuke ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kwemishini ye-CNC.
I-HOLRY - umtapo wolwazi wokusika oqondile 8 imimese - 800-ISO30.dwg
Imishini ye-CNC (Computer Numerical Control) iguqule imboni yokukhiqiza ngokunika amandla ukusebenza komshini okunembayo nokuzenzakalelayo. Enhliziyweni yale mishini eyinkimbinkimbi kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamamotho adlala indima ebalulekile ekushayeleni ukunyakaza kwezimbazo zomshini kanye nokunikeza amandla amathuluzi okusika. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezihlukene zamamotho asetshenziswa emishinini ye-CNC kubalulekile kubo bobabili abaseshi abafuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwabo futhi abathengi abangase benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthi yimuphi umshini abangatshala kuwo. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizohlola izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamamotho atholakala emishinini ye-CNC, izici zawo, izinzuzo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ama-spindle motors anesibopho sokushayela ithuluzi lokusika emshinini we-CNC. Zenzelwe ukuzungezisa ithuluzi ngesivinini esikhulu, zinikeze amandla okusika adingekayo ukuze kukhishwe izinto ezibonakalayo ku-workpiece. Ama-spindle motors angaba ngokuqondile - ukushayela noma ibhande - eliqhutshwa, kuye ngezidingo ezithile zomshini.
Ama-spindle motors ayakwazi ukufinyelela isivinini sokuzungeza esiphezulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile esisukela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa ukuya emashumini ezinkulungwane zama-revolutions ngomzuzu (RPM). Lokhu kubalulekile ekusikeni okuphumelelayo kwezinto ezihlukahlukene.
Kumele banikeze i-torque eyanele ngesivinini esiphezulu ukuze baqinisekise ukusika okubushelelezi nokusebenza kahle. Izidingo ze-torque ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwempahla eyenziwa ngomshini kanye nenqubo yokusika.
Ama-spindle motors adinga ukusebenza ngokunemba okuphezulu nokuzinza ukuze anciphise ukudlidliza futhi aqinisekise ukwenziwa kwemishini okunembile. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukuqedwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokubekezelelana okuqinile.
Ukujikeleza kwejubane eliphezulu kwama-spindle motors kuvumela ukususwa kwezinto ngokushesha, okwandisa ukukhiqiza kwe Umshini we-CNC.
Ama-spindle motors angasetshenziswa namathuluzi okusika ahlukahlukene, awenze afaneleke ukusebenza kwemishini ehlukene, njengokugaya, ukubhola, nokujika.
Ngokuhlinzeka ngokuzungezisa okuzinzile nokunembayo, ama-spindle motors afaka isandla ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye zomshini zekhwalithi ephezulu ezinemiphetho emihle kakhulu.
Ama-spindle motors atholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC edinga imisebenzi yokusika, okuhlanganisa izikhungo zomshini, ama-lathes, nama-grinders. Asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana nezezimoto, i-aerospace, kanye nokukhiqiza okuvamile ukuze kukhiqizwe izingxenye ezinobunjwa obuyinkimbinkimbi nokubekezelelana okuqinile.
Ama-Servo motors angenye yezinhlobo zamamotho asetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini ye-CNC. Zakhelwe ukunikeza ukulawula okunembayo kokuma, isivinini, kanye netorque yezimbazo zomshini. Isistimu ye-servo motor ngokuvamile iqukethe injini, idivayisi yempendulo (efana nesifaki khodi), kanye nedrayivu ye-servo. Isifaki khodi sihlala siqapha indawo ye-motor shaft futhi sithumela lolu lwazi emuva ku-servo drive, ebese ilungisa ukuphuma kwemoto ukuze kugcinwe indawo oyifunayo noma isivinini.
Ama-Servo motors angafinyelela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okunemba kokuma, ngokuvamile ebangeni lama-microns. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukubekezelelana okuqinile, njenge-aerospace kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini yezokwelapha.
Bayakwazi ukusheshisa ngokushesha futhi behle, okuvumela izinguquko ezisheshayo ekuhambeni komshini. Lokhu kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemishini enesivinini esikhulu futhi kunciphisa izikhathi zokujikeleza.
Ama-Servo motors anganikeza i-torque engaguquki phezu kwejubane elibanzi, iqinisekise ukusebenza okubushelelezi futhi okuzinzile phakathi nezinqubo zokusika.
Impendulo evela kusifaki khodi yenza kuvalwe - isilawuli seluphu, esilungisa noma yimaphi amaphutha endaweni noma isivinini semoto. Lokhu kubangela imisebenzi yemishini enembe kakhulu futhi ephindaphindwayo.
Ama-Servo motors angahle ahlelwe ukuthi alandele amaphrofayili anyakazayo ayinkimbinkimbi, awenze afanelekele imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokumaka, okuhlanganisa ukukhonta, ukubhola, nokugaya.
Banikeza amandla aphezulu - kuya - kwesisindo isilinganiso, okuvumela imiklamo yemishini ehlangene futhi ephumelelayo.
Ama-Stepper motors angolunye uhlobo olubalulekile lwe-motor esetshenziswa emishinini ye-CNC, ikakhulukazi ezinsizeni ezingabizi kakhulu neziphansi - ngokunemba. I-stepper motor ihlukanisa ukujikeleza okugcwele ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezihlukene, futhi isinyathelo ngasinye sihambisana nokugudluka okuthile kwe-angular. I-motor ilawulwa ngokuthumela uchungechunge lwama-pulses kagesi kuma-motor windings, ne-pulse ngayinye eyenza injini ijikeleze ngesinyathelo esisodwa.
I-Incremental Motion: Ama-stepper motors ahamba ngezinyathelo ezihlukene, okuwenza kube lula ukuwalawula nokuma ngendlela efanele ukuze enze imisebenzi elula.
Vula - I-Loop Control: Ezimweni eziningi, ama-stepper motors angasebenza ngaphandle kwedivayisi yempendulo, encike kuphela enanini lama-pulses athunyelwe kumotho ukuze kutholakale indawo yayo. Lokhu kwenza uhlelo lokulawula lube lula futhi kunciphisa izindleko.
Izindleko Eziphansi: Ama-Stepper motors ngokuvamile awabizi kakhulu kunama-servo motors, okuwenza abe inketho ekhangayo kwabathanda ukuzilibazisa kanye nabakhiqizi abancane ngesabelomali.
Ukulawula Okulula: Indlela yokulawula eqondile yamamotho anyathelayo iwenza afinyeleleke kubasebenzisi abanolwazi olulinganiselwe lobuchwepheshe. Angahlanganiswa kalula ezinhlelweni eziyisisekelo ze-CNC.
Ukubamba i-Torque: Ama-Stepper motors angabamba isikhundla sawo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla engeziwe, awusizo ezinhlelweni lapho umshini udinga ukugcina indawo emile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okungewona womshini.
Ukuzikhiya: Uma injini ivaliwe, ihlala isendaweni yayo yokugcina ngenxa yezakhiwo kazibuthe zenjini, ihlinzeka ngohlobo lokuzikhiya.
Ama-Stepper motors avame ukusetshenziswa ekungeneni - amarutha e-CNC eleveli, amaphrinta we-3D, kanye nemishini yokugaya emincane yefomethi. Afanele imisebenzi efana nokuqoshwa, ukugaya okulula kwezinto ezithambile, kanye nemisebenzi eyisisekelo yokubeka lapho ukunemba okuphezulu kungeyona imfuneko eyinhloko.
Ama-Linear motors awuhlobo olusha lobuchwepheshe bezimoto olusetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini ye-CNC esebenza kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokuguqula amandla kagesi abe ukunyakaza okujikelezayo njengamamotho endabuko, amamotho aqondile akhiqiza ukunyakaza okuqondile. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sezingxenye zokuhambisa ngomshini njengamabhande, ama-pulleys, nezikulufu zebhola, okuholela ohlelweni lokushayela oluqondile nolusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ama-Linear motors angafinyelela isivinini esikhulu kakhulu nokusheshisa, ukwedlula kude lezo zesistimu eshayelwa yimoto evamile. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhamba ngokushesha kwezimbazo zomshini futhi kunciphisa izikhathi zokujikeleza.
Ngaphandle kokuhlehla komshini nokuhambisana okuhlotshaniswa nezingxenye zokudlulisela zendabuko, amamotho aqondile anikeza ukunemba okukhethekile kokuma kanye nokuphindaphinda.
Njengoba kunezingxenye ezihambayo ezimbalwa futhi asikho isidingo sokugcotshwa kwezingxenye zokuhambisa ngomshini, amamotho alayini adinga ukulungiswa okuncane futhi abe nempilo ende yesevisi.
Imvelo yokushayela eqondile yamamotho aqondile iqeda ukulahleka kwamandla kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini okuhlotshaniswa nezinhlelo zokushayela zendabuko, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphelele kukonke.
Amamotho alayini ahlinzeka ngokushelela nokudlidliza - ukunyakaza kwamahhala, okuzuzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqedwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokwenza imishini enembile.
Ukungabikho kwezingxenye zokuhambisa ngomshini kuvumela ukwakheka komshini ohlangene futhi ongasindi, okungaba wusizo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Sengiphetha, ukukhetha kwemoto emshinini we-CNC kuncike ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukunemba okudingekayo, isivinini, itorque, kanye nezindleko. Ama-Servo motors anikeza ukunemba okuphezulu nokuguquguquka, okuwenza afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu. Ama-Stepper motors ayinketho ebiza kakhulu - esebenza kahle yemisebenzi engadingi kakhulu. Ama-spindle motors abalulekile ekushayeleni ithuluzi lokusika, kuyilapho amamotho emigqa ahlinzeka ngesivinini esiphezulu nokusebenza okunembayo emishinini ye-CNC ethuthukisiwe.
Emkhakheni wemishini ye-CNC (Computer Numerical Control), injini yokuphotha iyisakhi esibalulekile esithinta ngokuqondile inqubo yokwenza imishini. Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-spindle motors, ngalinye linesethi yalo yezinzuzo kanye nokubi.
Ama-spindle motors ashayelwa ngamabhande ngokuvamile athengeka kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Umshini webhande uyingxenye elula futhi engabizi, esiza ekwehliseni izindleko zizonke zomshini we-CNC. Lokhu kubenza babe ukukhetha okudumile kubakhiqizi abancane nabazithandayo kubhajethi.
Ibhande lisebenza njengesivikelo phakathi kwenjini nokuphotha. Ingakwazi ukumunca futhi idambise ukudlidliza okukhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yomshini. Ngenxa yalokho, ithuluzi kanye nengxenye yokusebenza kuba nokudlidliza okuncane, okuholela ekuqedweni okungcono kwengaphezulu ezingxenyeni zomshini.
Ngokushintsha osayizi be-pulley motor kanye ne-spindle, kungenzeka ukufeza isivinini esibanzi sokuphotha. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuvumela ukusebenza kwemishini ehlukene, njengokugwedla nokuqeda, ukuthi kwenziwe emshinini ofanayo kalula.
Kukhona inani elithile lokulahlekelwa amandla ohlelweni oluqhutshwa yibhande ngenxa yokungqubuzana phakathi kwebhande nama-pulleys. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwamandla kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwe-spindle motor, okungaba ukukhathazeka ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zemishini yamandla aphezulu.
Amabhande adinga ukuhlolwa njalo ukuthi agugile yini futhi aqinile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabhande anganwebeka noma aguge, okungase kudinge ukushintshwa. Ukwengeza, ama-pulleys nawo adinga ukugcinwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhleleka okufanele nokusebenza kahle.
Amasistimu aqhutshwa ngamabhande anemikhawulo mayelana nenani le-torque angayidlulisela. Kuzicelo lapho i-torque ephezulu idingeka khona, njengokusebenza kanzima kwemishini yezinto eziqinile, ibhande - eliqhutshwa ama-spindle motors angase angabi yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu.
Njengoba zingekho izingxenye eziphakathi nendawo njengamabhande noma amagiya, ama-spindle motors ashayelwa ngokuqondile anamandla aphezulu okudlulisa amandla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla amaningi kagesi anikezwa injini aguqulwa abe amandla emishini ku-spindle, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphansi.
Ama-spindle motors ashayelwa ngokuqondile anikeza ukunemba okuhle kakhulu nokuqina. Ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwenjini nephini lokuphotha kuqeda ukuhlehla emuva kanye nezindaba zokuthobelana ezihlobene nezinhlelo ezishayelwa ibhande - ezishayelwa noma zegiya. Lokhu kuholela kumishini enembe kakhudlwana kanye nokuphindaphindwa okungcono.
Lawa ma-motor ayakwazi ukufeza isivinini esiphezulu kakhulu sokuphotha, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemishini yejubane eliphezulu. Ukusebenza kwejubane eliphezulu kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi somshini futhi kuthuthukise isiphetho sezingxenye.
Izindleko Eziphezulu: Ama-spindle motors ashayelwa ngokuqondile abiza kakhulu ukuwakha nokuthenga. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nobunjiniyela obunembayo obudingekayo kumasistimu okushayela okuqondile bunomthelela ezindleko eziphakeme. Lokhu kungaba isithiyo esibalulekile kwabanye abakhiqizi bezinga elincane.
Ukukhiqiza Ukushisa: Ukuhlangana okuqondile kwenjini ku-spindle kusho ukuthi ukushisa okukhiqizwa injini kudluliselwa ngqo ku-spindle. Lokhu kungabangela ukwanda okushisayo, okungase kuthinte ukunemba kwenqubo yomshini. Amasistimu okupholisa akhethekile ngokuvamile ayadingeka ukuphatha ukushisa, okwengeza ubunzima kanye nezindleko zomshini.
I-Torque Elinganiselwe Ngezivinini Eziphansi: Ama-spindle motors ashayelwa ngokuqondile angaba nokukhishwa kwe-torque okulinganiselwe ngesivinini esiphansi. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho i-torque ephezulu idingeka ngesivinini esiphansi sokujikeleza, njengalapho uqala umsebenzi osindayo wokusika.
Ama-spindle motors ashayelwa ngamagiya ayakwazi ukudlulisa amazinga aphezulu etorque. Lokhu kubenza bafanelekele imisebenzi yemishini esindayo, njengokugaya izingcezu zokusebenza ezinkulu noma ukusika izinto eziqinile njengensimbi.
Isistimu yegiya ihlinzeka ngokusiza komshini, okuvumela injini ukuthi isebenze ebangeni lejubane elisebenza kahle kakhulu kuyilapho iletha isivinini esidingekayo sokuphotha. Lokhu kungathuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele komshini we-CNC.
Amagiya angakwazi ukudala inani elibalulekile lomsindo nokudlidliza ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuba wuhlupho eshabhu kodwa kuphinde kuthinte izinga lezingxenye ezifakwe ngomshini. Izinyathelo ezengeziwe zingadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe amazinga omsindo nokudlidliza.
Amasistimu aqhutshwa ngamagiya ayinkimbinkimbi kunezinhlelo eziqhutshwa ngamabhande, futhi adinga ukunakekelwa okuvame kakhulu nokunemininingwane. Amagiya adinga ukugcotshwa njalo, futhi noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuguga noma zokulimala zidinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka kwesistimu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-spindle motors ashayelwa ngokuqondile, ama-spindle motors anobubanzi obulinganiselwe besivinini. Ukushintsha isilinganiso segiya ukuze kuzuzwe isivinini esihlukile kungaba inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi edla isikhathi.
